Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering

Course Objective:

This course will offer the know-how knowledge so that the every day decision making become simple: How to plan data acquisition ? What kind of data is needed ? How to use the data as a reservoir management tool ? The theory concepts will be covered to assist reservoir and exploitation engineers to effectively understand and perform their main tasks; determine oil and gas reserves and maximize hydrocarbon recovery under primary, secondary and tertiary schemes with emphasis on the bottom line results. Other topics such as well test analysis, horizontal well applications, and reservoir drives will be covered. Interesting class examples using actual field data will reviewed. A detailed course hand-out which is an excellent reference, will be provided.

Who Should Attend:

This course is aimed at reservoir, petroleum and exploitation engineers/technologists, and geologists who are involved in the area of field development and exploitation.

Course Agenda:

• Petroleum geology:
  • Geologic cycle/time, types of reservoir rocks
  • Main elements of petroleum reservoirs: hydrocarbon migration & trap

• Rock properties:
  • Porosity types, permeability: relative, absolute, effective
  • Rock wettability and capillary pressure (class problem)

• Fluid Properties:
  • Hydrocarbon classifications
  • Fluid behaviors; oil and gas physical properties (class problem)
  • Saturated and under-saturated oil reservoirs

• Reservoir drive mechanism
  

• Reserves determination:
  • Volumetric, material balance, and probabilistic methods (class problem)
  • Decline analysis (class example)
  • Empirical production Forecast (Russian method !)

• Flow in porous media
  • Darcy equation and boundary conditions
  • Inflow performance relationship (IPR), and well allowable
    
• Water Coning & Influx
  

• Well Testing:
  • Test objectives (well, reservoir) and types of tests
  • Buildup analysis (skin factor, reservoir press.,boundaries) (class problem)
  • Reservoir limit and gas well testing
    
• Water Coning & Influx
  

• Secondary and tertiary recovery schemes
  

• Waterflooding: planning, methods of predicting performance, scheme design, and monitoring of performance (class example)
  

• Horizontal Well Applications
  • Well productivity in homogeneous and fractured reservoirs (case example)
  • Planning of horizontal injectors (case example)
  • Reserve estimate method

Well Test Analysis Workshop

Course Objectives:

The objective of the Well Test Analysis Workshop is to provide a comprehensive theoretical and practical knowledge of well test analysis techniques. Emphasis will be placed on the practical aspects of well testing and several class examples will be offered; a scientific hand calculator will be required. Further, the use of the analysis results as a reservoir management tool to make decisions related to reservoir development and well completion will be illustrated through actual case examples throughout the workshop. Also, to offer hands-on experience, attendees are encouraged to bring interesting well tests for analysis and discussion in the class. A detailed course hand-out, which is an excellent reference, will be provided.

Who Should Attend:

This course is aimed at reservoir, petroleum and exploitation engineers/technologists, and geologists who are involved in the area of field development and exploitation.

Course Agenda:

• Review of the flow equations:
  • Equation of state, Darcy and continuity equation
  • Common flow geometry
• Dimensionless parameters: definitions and Type Curve use/applications
• Boundary conditions: infinite, Pseudo- steady state and steady state
• Solution of the diffusivity equation : (class problem #1)
• Build-up test analysis:
  • Principle of Superposition
  • Horner Plot; average reservoir pressure (MBH) method (class problem #2)
  • Reservoir boundaries and channel analysis
• Wellbore skin factor and partial penetration (class problem #3)

• Wellbore storage: use of type curves and (class problem #4)

• Draw-down testing:
  • Application and test analysis and equivalent time
  • Reservoir Limit Testing (case example - fracured basement)
• Hydraulically fractured wells:
  • Fracture characterization (frac. Half-length, conductivity and orientation.
  • Use of type curve techniques and fourth-root time plot to evaluate frac. Efficiency
• Practical well testing. How to get the most out of well testing
  • Prior to testing (Well test objectives, types of tests, test design)
  • During the test (monitoring, optimizing test design)
  • After the test : operational problems, data quality (pressure, production and fluids) - several case examples
• Well test interpretations:
  • Flow regime diagnoses using the pressure derivative
  • Conventional analysis
  • History matching of pressure data and selection of reservoir models- Case examples
• Demonstration of pressure recorders (by: Gord Regehr from Lonkar Services)
• AEUB well test requirements: Guide 40 and electronic submission
• Gas well testing:
  • P, P² and Pseudo pressure-time methods
  • Gas deliverability testing: single point - Multipoint test (class problem #6)
  • Simplified and L.I.T. techniques
• Water injectivity tests:
  • Step rate and Fall-off tests (case examples)
  • Hall Plot (class problem #8)
• Naturally fractured reservoirs. Characterization of the reservoir using:
  • Pollard and Pirson Method (class example)
  • Warren and Root Method (class example #7)
  • Bourdet & Kniazeff method
• Well test planning design
  • Test equipment
  • Flow/Buildup test design (class example)
  • Isochronal test design (class problem #9)
  • Reservoir limit test (case example)
  • Reservoir boundaries (case problem #10)
  • Horizontal well test (case example)
• Review/analyze well tests provided by attendees including several examples using a commercial software

Well Production Optimization for Exploitation/Reservoir Engineers

Course Objectives:

This two-day course covers the fundamentals of well performance and how to maximize productivity. The course is designed for exploitation/reservoir engineers to combine both the reservoir and production engineering knowledge to make sound decisions to improve bottom line results. A thorough explanation of the impact of inflow/outflow relationship and well completion techniques on production performance will be discussed. Practical examples and tips on how to diagnose well production problems and the use of the Nodal analysis, production logging, and well testing techniques to prepare remedial actions to maximize well productivity, will be offered. Methods and applications of artificial lift will be discussed. A hand calculator will be required for the class problems. A detailed course hand-out (an excellent reference) will be provided.

Who Should Attend:

This course is aimed at reservoir, petroleum and exploitation engineers/technologists, and geologists who are involved in the area of field development and exploitation.

Course Agenda:

• Reservoir and Fluid Properties
  • Reservoir drives
  • Reservoir rock quality/types
  • Fluid behaviours
• Factors Affecting Well Productivity
  • Dacry equation and boundary conditions
  • Drilling and Completion techniques (open hole, cased completion, perforating methods)
• Well Productivity Diagnostic Tools
  • Well testing and wellbore skin factor
  • IPR
  • Production logging
  • - Decline analysis
  • - Hall plot (water injection)
• How to solve production problems
  • Performance monitoring
  • Well Stimulation/workovers
  • Water production/loading problems
• Artificial Lift
  • Types and applications of artificial lift methods
  • How to design/select ESP and Sucker Rod pumps
  • Gas lift application/desin

Fundamentals of Horizontal Well Technology

Course Objective:

This two day course provides a broad background necessary to understand and successfully apply the technology of horizontal wells. Practical examples will illustrate how candidate horizontal wells are selected and designed using multi-disciplined team efforts to ensure both the technical and economic benefits are maximized. Methods to predict well performance such as expected producing rate, drainage area, and fluid coning will be explained through class problems. The latest technology of well drilling and completion such as multi-laterals, underbalanced drilling, and well stimulation will be reviewed.

Who Should Attend:

This course is aimed at reservoir, petroleum and exploitation engineers/technologists, and geologists who are involved in the area of horizontal well applications.

Course Agenda:

• Introduction
  • History
  • Level/types of activities

• Benefits/applications of horizontal wells
  • Uncertainties and risks; geological - economical
  • Well constrains; reservoir - drilling - completion

• Well productivity
  • Factors influencing well productivity
  • Horizontal well drainage area
  • Producing rate during pseudo-steady-state and steady state

• Coning prediction
  • Determination of “Critical” rate
  • Time to breakthrough

• Horizontal well drilling
  • Design/planning considerations
  • Horizontal well profile and types; long/medieum/short radius
  • Horizontal well re-entry
  • Underbalanced drilling and formation damage
  • Slim hole drilling

• Horizontal well completion
  • Well completion options
  • Multi-laterals
  • Well cementing
  • Well stimulation
  • Sand control and gravel pack

• Well testing
  • Well test planning; test objectives, test types
  • Flow geometry/regimes
  • Flow equations; dimensionless parameters and type curves
  • Well test analysis; conventional methods, pressure history matching
• Reserve estimates
  • Volumetric estimate of original oil-in-place
  • Estimate of recoverable reserves (Plahn method)
  • Decline analysis
  • Statistical method
  • Empirical method

• Screening for horizontal well applications

• Appendix
  • Latest developments in horizontal well technology
  • Equipment specifications